美國心理學(xué)大師馬斯洛（Maslow）在研究了許多歷史上偉人共同的人格特質(zhì)之后，更詳細(xì)地描繪出“自我實(shí)現(xiàn)者”（成長者）的畫像。自我實(shí)現(xiàn)者有下列１６個(gè)特色:

After studying the common personality traits of many great men in history, Maslow, an American psychologist, described in more detail the portraits of "self actualizers" (growers). Self actualizers have the following 16 characteristics:

1.他們的判斷力超乎常人，對事情觀察得很透徹，只根據(jù)現(xiàn)在所發(fā)生的一些事，常常就能夠正確地預(yù)測將來事情會(huì)如何演變。

1. Their judgment is beyond ordinary people, and they observe things very thoroughly. They can often correctly predict how things will evolve in the future only based on what is happening now.

2.他們能夠接納自己、接納別人，也能接受所處的環(huán)境。無論在順境或逆境之中，他們能安之若命，處之泰然。雖然他們不見得喜歡現(xiàn)狀，但他們會(huì)先接受這個(gè)不完美的現(xiàn)實(shí)（不會(huì)抱怨為何只有半杯水），然后負(fù)起責(zé)任改善現(xiàn)狀。

2. They can accept themselves, others and their environment. Whether in good times or in adversity, they can live in peace and contentment. Although they don't necessarily like the status quo, they will accept the imperfect reality first (they won't complain why there is only half a glass of water), and then take responsibility to improve the situation.

3．他們單純、自然而無偽。他們對名利沒有強(qiáng)烈的需求，因而不會(huì)戴上面具，企圖討好別人。有一句話說：“偉大的人永遠(yuǎn)是單純的。”我相信，偉人的腦子里滿有智慧，但常保一顆單純善良的心。

3．They are simple, natural and without hypocrisy. They have no strong desire for fame and wealth, so they don't wear masks and try to please others. There is a saying: "great people are always simple." I believe that a great man's brain is full of wisdom, but always keep a simple and kind heart.

４．他們對人生懷有使命感，因而常把精力用來解決與眾人有關(guān)的問題。他們也較不以自我為中心，不會(huì)單顧自己的事。

They have a sense of mission in life, so they often use their energy to solve problems related to people. They are less self-centered and don't care about their own affairs.

5.他們享受獨(dú)居的喜悅，也能享受群居的快樂。他們喜歡有獨(dú)處的時(shí)間來面對自己、充實(shí)自己。

5.They enjoy the joy of living alone and living in groups. They like to have time alone to face and enrich themselves.

6.他們不依靠別人滿足自己安全感的需要。他們像是個(gè)滿溢的福杯，喜樂有余，常常愿意與人分享自己，卻不太需要向別人收取什么。

6. They don't rely on others to meet their security needs. They are like a cup full of happiness. They are often willing to share themselves with others, but they don't need to collect anything from others.

7.他們懂得欣賞簡單的事物，能從一粒細(xì)砂想見天堂，他們像天真好奇的小孩一般，能不斷地從最平常的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)中找到新的樂趣，從平凡之中領(lǐng)略人生的美。

7. They know how to appreciate simple things. They can see heaven from a grain of fine sand. They are like naive and curious children. They can constantly find new fun from the most ordinary life experience and appreciate the beauty of life from the ordinary.

8.他們當(dāng)中有許多人曾經(jīng)歷過“天人合一”的宗教經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

8. Many of them have experienced the religious experience of "unity of man and nature".

9.雖然看到人類有很多丑陋的劣根性，他們卻仍滿有悲天憫人之心、民胞物與之愛，能從丑陋之中看到別人善良可愛的一面。

9. Although they see that human beings have a lot of ugliness, they are still full of compassion and love of the people. They can see the kind and lovely side of others from the ugliness.

10.他們的朋友或許不是很多，然而所建立的關(guān)系，卻比常人深入。他們可能有許多淡如水的君子之交，素未謀面，卻彼此心儀，靈犀相通。

10. They may not have many friends, but their relationship is deeper than ordinary people. They may have many friends who are as light as water. They have never met each other, but they like each other very well.

11.他們比較民主，懂得尊重不同階層、不同種族、不同背景的人，以平等和愛心相待。

11.They are more democratic, know how to respect people of different classes, races and backgrounds, treat each other with equality and love.

12.他們有智慧明辨是非，不會(huì)像一般人用絕對二分法（“不是好就是壞”或“黑人都是懶惰鬼”）分類判斷。

12. They have the wisdom to distinguish right from wrong, and they don't use absolute dichotomy ("either good or bad" or "black people are lazy") as most people do.

13.他們說話含有哲理，也常有詼而不謔的幽默。

13. They speak philosophically and often have humor without banter.

14.他們心思單純，像天真的小孩，極具創(chuàng)造性。他們真情流露，歡樂時(shí)高歌，悲傷時(shí)落淚，與那些情感麻木，喜好“權(quán)術(shù)”、“控制”、“喜怒不形于色”的人截然不同。

14. They are simple in mind, like naive children, highly creative. They express their true feelings. They sing when they are happy and cry when they are sad. They are quite different from those who are numb in emotion, like "power", "control" and "joy and anger are not expressed in color".

15.他們的衣著、生活習(xí)慣、方式、處世為人的態(tài)度，看起來比較傳統(tǒng)，保守，然而，他們的心態(tài)開明，在必要時(shí)能超越文化與傳統(tǒng)的束縛。

15. Their clothes, living habits, ways and attitudes towards life seem to be more traditional and conservative. However, they are open-minded and can transcend the shackles of culture and tradition when necessary.

16.他們也會(huì)犯一些天真的錯(cuò)誤，當(dāng)他們對真善美執(zhí)著起來時(shí)，會(huì)對其他瑣事心不在焉。例如愛迪生有一次做研究太過專心，竟然忘了自己是否吃過飯，朋友戲弄他，說他吃過了，他信以為真，拍拍肚皮，滿足地回到實(shí)驗(yàn)室繼續(xù)工作。

16. They also make some naive mistakes, and when they cling to the truth, goodness and beauty, they will be absent-minded about other trivial matters. For example, Edison was so absorbed in his research that he forgot whether he had eaten. His friends teased him and said that he had eaten. He believed it, patted his belly, and returned to the laboratory to continue working.

From website: https://www.zhihu.com/