一說起印度，我們第一印象是人很多，還有喝牛尿防治疫情。為何會有一些我們看起來很奇特的事情發(fā)生呢？這跟認(rèn)識水平有關(guān)系，更跟種姓制度、種姓文化有很大的關(guān)系。

Speaking of India, our first impression is that there are many people, and we drink cow urine to prevent the epidemic. Why do things that seem strange to us happen? This has something to do with the level of knowledge, and it has a lot to do with the caste system and caste culture.

我們都知道印度有種姓制度，分成了四個階級，分別是婆羅門、剎帝利、吠舍、首陀羅。

We all know that India has a caste system, divided into four classes, namely Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisha, and Sudra.

印度古經(jīng)《梨俱吠陀》中對這個幾個種姓的解釋，在這個典籍中，創(chuàng)世神梵天創(chuàng)造了原人普魯沙，而普魯沙的身體則分化成四種等級的人，

The ancient Indian scripture "Rigveda" explains these castes. In this text, the creation god Brahma created the original man Prusha, and Prusha's body is divided into four levels of people.

他的嘴變成了最高貴的“婆羅門”，負(fù)責(zé)祭祀；

His mouth became the noblest "Brahman", responsible for offering sacrifices;

胳膊演化成排名第二的“剎帝利”，負(fù)責(zé)管理國家；

The arm evolved into the second-ranked "Kshatriya", responsible for managing the country;

大腿變成了“吠舍”，他們這負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)商勞作；

The thighs have become "Vasyas", they are responsible for business and labor;

兩只腳就變成了“首陀羅”，這都是從事最辛苦的工作的人。

Both feet become "Sudhara", these are the people who do the hardest work.

印度的種姓制度起源于，公元前1500年，中亞的雅利安人入侵，雅利安人為了鞏固自己的統(tǒng)治地位，建立了種姓制度，但當(dāng)時只是一種教義。其主要目的是為了保障雅利安人在古印度地域里的權(quán)益和地位，讓作為受害者的古印度人承認(rèn)侵略者的合法性。

The caste system in India originated from the Aryan invasion of Central Asia in 1500 BC. In order to consolidate their dominant position, the Aryans established a caste system, but it was just a doctrine at that time. Its main purpose is to protect the rights and status of the Aryans in the ancient Indian region, so that the ancient Indians as victims recognize the legitimacy of the aggressor.

后邊因?yàn)橛《鹊奶厥獾牡乩憝h(huán)境，又經(jīng)歷了各個外來族群的侵略和統(tǒng)治，雖然統(tǒng)治階級的人換了，但是落后的種姓制度卻被一代代保留并得到了發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。

Later, because of India's special geographical environment, it has experienced aggression and domination by various foreign ethnic groups. Although the ruling class has changed, the backward caste system has been retained and carried forward from generation to generation.

在古代印度時期，統(tǒng)治者通過種姓制度的手段，達(dá)到有效治理當(dāng)?shù)赜《热嗣竦哪康?，防止普通老百姓有機(jī)會接觸財富、權(quán)力、地位，并且逐漸把這種制度嚴(yán)格的規(guī)范出了很多的不合理規(guī)則。

In ancient India, rulers used the caste system to effectively govern the local Indian people, preventing ordinary people from having access to wealth, power, and status, and gradually regulated this system with many unreasonable rules. .

Those that are suitable for the ruling class are adopted, and those that are not suitable are discarded.

當(dāng)時的4個種姓制度，經(jīng)過長期的固化分層，印度的社會被種姓制度，如今的四大種姓又根據(jù)人們從事的具體職業(yè)，細(xì)分為3000個種姓和25000個亞種姓。

The four caste systems at that time, after a long period of solidification and stratification, India’s society is under the caste system. Today, the four castes are subdivided into 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes based on the specific occupations people are engaged in.

這個真的是傳承悠久啊，不像我們中國古代的皇帝，大家都有皇帝輪流做，今年到我家的想法。

This is really a long heritage. Unlike our ancient Chinese emperors, everyone has the idea of ??the emperor taking turns to come to my house this year.

Therefore, in China's feudal society, calming down the turmoil is an indispensable thing in the long years of the feudal dynasty.

后又隨著印度社會的發(fā)展，又發(fā)展出了最后的一個等級“賤民”，叫做達(dá)利特，也就是第五等級的人，被稱達(dá)利特(Dalits)或“不可觸碰者”，從事清掃街道、活化尸體等工作。

Later, with the development of Indian society, the last level of "untouchables" was developed, called Dalits, which is the fifth level of people, called Dalits or "Untouchables". Engaged in cleaning the streets and revitalizing dead bodies.

印度的種姓制度，建立了一套關(guān)于清潔與不潔的程序，從高到低，從上到下，從結(jié)婚到死亡，對各個種姓的生活都有詳細(xì)的規(guī)定，并且這種規(guī)定成為了人們從小到大刻在腦海里的東西，基于宗教，更基于印度的文化。

The caste system in India has established a set of procedures for cleanliness and uncleanliness. From high to low, from top to bottom, from marriage to death, there are detailed regulations on the life of each caste, and this kind of regulation has become people The things that have been engraved in my mind since childhood are based on religion, and more based on Indian culture.

宗教和文化的話語權(quán)從印度自古以來都掌握在高種姓的手里，并且高種姓可以享受各種特權(quán)，犯罪還不會被懲罰，1950年印度獨(dú)立后，這條得到了改善，但是基于種姓制度的不平等和賤民遭受迫害的慘案依然層出不窮。

The right to speak of religion and culture has been in the hands of high castes since ancient times in India, and high castes can enjoy various privileges, and crimes will not be punished. After India’s independence in 1950, this article has been improved, but it is based on castes. System inequality and tragedies of persecution of untouchables continue to emerge one after another.

為了保證低種姓的人不反抗，印度教教義規(guī)定，只要今生安心作為一個低種姓不反抗，那么來世就可以做高種姓的人了。

In order to ensure that people of lower castes do not resist, Hindu doctrine stipulates that as long as you are at ease as a lower caste in this life and do not resist, then you can be a higher caste in the next life.

但是高種姓的人生下來就是高種姓，低種姓的人生下來就是低種姓，因?yàn)槊總€種姓里面還細(xì)分了很多階層，所以高種姓的人鄙視低種姓的人，低種姓的人鄙視更低種姓的人，也有著階層分明的鄙視鏈，每個階層幾乎都有著可以鄙視的群體，但卻沒有考慮這種制度的不合理。

However, high caste people are born with high caste, while low caste people are born with low caste. Because each caste is subdivided into many classes, high caste people despise low caste people, while low caste people despise lower caste people. There is also a hierarchy of contempt chain, and almost every class has groups that can be despised, But it did not consider the irrationality of this system.

比如種姓制度之間嚴(yán)禁跨階層通婚，后邊有一些改變，高種姓的男子可以娶低種姓的女子，但是高種姓的女子嚴(yán)禁嫁給低種姓的男子，否則就會在印度被謀殺，這種謀殺在印度被稱為榮譽(yù)謀殺，當(dāng)?shù)氐恼遣还軜s譽(yù)謀殺案的。甚至認(rèn)為這種謀殺合法。

For example, cross class intermarriage is strictly prohibited among caste systems. There are some changes in the latter. Men with high caste can marry women with low caste, but women with high caste are strictly forbidden to marry men with low caste. Otherwise, they will be murdered in India. This kind of murder is called honor murder in India, and the local government does not care about honor murder. It's even considered legal.

放眼世界各個國家或地區(qū)，在過去的歷史當(dāng)中，也都曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過與古印度種姓制度類似的社會現(xiàn)象，也給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣袢怏w與心理上帶來沉重的打擊。由于古代印度社會時期一直流傳下來的種姓制度，對于現(xiàn)代社會制度來說，有很多的規(guī)則已經(jīng)是不符合倫理道德的。雖然在過往的舊傳統(tǒng)制度之下，是非常合適當(dāng)時的統(tǒng)治者，依據(jù)種姓制度來有效地榨取老百姓的財產(chǎn)，但回歸到現(xiàn)代文明社會中，許多國家均提倡每個公民都應(yīng)有同等的公民權(quán)利與合理地追求公平的方式。

In the past, the countries and regions in the world have also appeared similar social phenomena to the caste system of ancient India, which also brought a heavy blow to the local people physically and mentally. Due to the caste system that has been handed down in ancient Indian society, there are many rules that are not ethical for modern social system. Although it was very suitable for the rulers at that time under the old traditional system to extract the common people's property effectively according to the caste system, many countries advocated that every citizen should have the same civil rights and reasonable pursuit of fairness in the modern civilized society.

高種姓的人也會為了自己的利益，雖然印度說現(xiàn)在各種姓是平等的，但是作為既得利益者，因?yàn)檫@相當(dāng)于砸他們自己和子孫后代的飯碗，像阿米爾汗這樣致力于推動印度的進(jìn)步的人畢竟是少數(shù)。

The high caste people will also be in their own interests. Although India says that all surnames are equal now, as vested interests, it is equivalent to smashing their own and future generations' jobs. After all, there are a few people who are committed to promoting India's progress, such as Amir Khan.

正是像阿米爾汗的人這樣的存在，印度的種姓制度以及保護(hù)婦女權(quán)益方面有了一些好的發(fā)展，米粒之光也能放光輝。

It is the presence of Amir Khan that India has made some good progress in caste system and protection of women's rights and interests, and the light of rice grains can shine.

那些低種姓的人里面隱藏了多少藝術(shù)家，因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)夭辉试S賤民階層學(xué)習(xí)文化，造成了他們失去了本該屬于他們的機(jī)會，生生世世遭受著貧困的折磨，印度賤民階層，更是階級固化的一個明證。

How many artists are hidden among those who have low castes, because the local people do not allow the base class to study culture, which has resulted in their loss of their opportunities, suffering from poverty for the whole life, and the Indian base class is a proof of class solidity.

保證每個公民的機(jī)會平等，才是最重要的事情，這也對我們的國家有一些借鑒和防范意義。

It is the most important thing to ensure equal opportunities for every citizen, which has some reference and preventive significance for our country.

From website: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/