都說“五月不減肥，六月徒傷悲”，立夏已過， “減肥”成為不少人掛在嘴邊的話題。但你的身材真的需要減肥嗎？超重又會帶來哪些身體疾病？減重手術(shù)是什么？在這個減肥季，一起來聽聽專家眼中的“減肥那些事”。

They all say "I don't lose weight in May, but I am sad in June." Lixia is over, and "weight loss" has become a topic that many people talk about. But does your body really need to lose weight? What physical diseases does being overweight bring? What is bariatric surgery? In this weight loss season, let's listen to the "weight loss things" in the eyes of experts.

A4腰、反手摸肚臍、鎖骨放硬幣……真正衡量減肥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可不是這些。陸軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)陸軍特色醫(yī)學(xué)中心（大坪醫(yī)院）普通外科副主任李凡介紹，臨床上有很多科學(xué)指標(biāo)可以用來衡量一個人是否超重，最常見的就是體質(zhì)指數(shù)BMI，其數(shù)值是用體重除以身高的平方。當(dāng)一個人的BMI大于25時，即可確認(rèn)為超重；當(dāng)BMI大于27.5時，就可確認(rèn)為肥胖。除此之外，當(dāng)男性腰圍大于90公分，女性腰圍大于85公分時，也可以判斷為肥胖。

A4 waist, backhand touch the belly button, clavicle put a coin... These are not the true criteria for measuring weight loss. According to Li Fan, deputy director of general surgery at the Army Special Medical Center (Daping Hospital) of the Army Military Medical University, there are many scientific indicators that can be used to measure whether a person is overweight in clinical practice. The most common is the body mass index BMI, which is divided by weight by height. squared. When a person's BMI is greater than 25, it can be recognized as overweight; when a person's BMI is greater than 27.5, it can be recognized as obesity. In addition, when the waist circumference of men is greater than 90 cm and the waist circumference of women is greater than 85 cm, it can also be judged as obese.

國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布的《中國居民營養(yǎng)與慢性病狀況報告（2020年）》顯示，近年來，城鄉(xiāng)各年齡組居民超重肥胖率持續(xù)攀升。超過50%的成年居民超重或肥胖，6-17歲、6歲以下兒童青少年超重肥胖率分別達到19%和10.4%，居民超重肥胖問題不斷凸顯。

The "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents (2020)" issued by the National Health Commission shows that in recent years, the overweight and obesity rates of residents of all age groups in urban and rural areas have continued to rise. More than 50% of adult residents are overweight or obese, and the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6-17 and under 6 have reached 19% and 10.4% respectively. The problem of overweight and obesity among residents has become increasingly prominent.

“尤其是患者的BMI大于35，達到重度肥胖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，就容易引起心血管疾病、關(guān)節(jié)炎、睡眠呼吸障礙，以及與腎臟、代謝相關(guān)的疾病。如果患者能夠通過控制飲食，增強運動或者其他的方法成功減重，就能在不同程度的緩解這些疾病。”李凡說。

"Especially if the patient's BMI is greater than 35, when it reaches the standard of severe obesity, it is likely to cause cardiovascular disease, arthritis, sleep disordered breathing, and kidney and metabolism-related diseases. If the patient can control diet, strengthen exercise or other methods Successful weight loss can alleviate these diseases to varying degrees." Li Fan said.

如今市面上的減肥手段五花八門，吸脂手術(shù)、針灸減肥、拔罐減肥等宣傳屢見不鮮，而減重代謝手術(shù)在國內(nèi)受到的關(guān)注度也越來越高。陸軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)陸軍特色醫(yī)學(xué)中心（大坪醫(yī)院）普通外科主任童衛(wèi)東介紹：“減重代謝手術(shù)是作用于人體的胃和腸道。比如讓胃縮小，把腸道的結(jié)構(gòu)做一個調(diào)整，從而影響人的神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌功能，從根本上達到控制食欲，減少能量吸收的效果。”

Nowadays, there are various ways to lose weight on the market, such as liposuction, acupuncture and cupping, etc., and the promotion of weight loss and metabolic surgery is getting more and more attention in China. Tong Weidong, director of general surgery at the Army Special Medical Center (Daping Hospital) of the Army Military Medical University, said: "Weight loss metabolic surgery acts on the human stomach and intestines. For example, the stomach shrinks and the structure of the intestines is adjusted to affect human health. The neuroendocrine function fundamentally achieves the effect of controlling appetite and reducing energy absorption."

那么這些減肥手段之間有什么區(qū)別呢？童衛(wèi)東表示，吸脂、針灸、拔火罐等減肥方法與醫(yī)學(xué)上的減重代謝手術(shù)完全是兩個概念。“減重代謝手術(shù)不僅能夠減輕患者體重，且對其患有的高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂、血脂紊亂等代謝綜合征都會帶來全身性的改善。而吸脂、針灸、拔火罐等手段只能作用于人體局部，并不會對全身的神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌和代謝調(diào)節(jié)起到作用。一個是針對人整體的健康，一個是針對局部的美觀，減重理念完全不一樣。” 童衛(wèi)東說。

So what is the difference between these weight loss methods? Tong Weidong said that weight loss methods such as liposuction, acupuncture, cupping, and medical weight loss and metabolic surgery are completely two concepts. "Weight loss metabolic surgery can not only reduce the weight of patients, but also bring systemic improvements to metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and dyslipidemia. However, liposuction, acupuncture, cupping and other methods can only Acting on parts of the human body does not affect the neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation of the whole body. One is for the overall health of the human, and the other is for the local beauty. The concept of weight loss is completely different." Tong Weidong said.

什么樣的人適合做減重代謝手術(shù)呢？童衛(wèi)東認(rèn)為，當(dāng)BMI超過35時，患者必須要做減重代謝手術(shù)。此時患者已經(jīng)達到病理性肥胖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如不進行手術(shù)，將會帶來無數(shù)的并發(fā)癥，同時會大大縮短人的壽命。當(dāng)患者的BMI在35以下，但出現(xiàn)腰圍超標(biāo)或患有代謝綜合征的情況時，醫(yī)生也會考慮建議他們做減重代謝手術(shù)。

What kind of person is suitable for weight loss metabolic surgery? Tong Weidong believes that when BMI exceeds 35, patients must undergo weight-loss metabolic surgery. At this time, the patient has reached the standard of pathological obesity. If the operation is not performed, it will bring countless complications and greatly shorten the lifespan of the person. When the patient's BMI is below 35, but the waist circumference exceeds the standard or suffers from metabolic syndrome, the doctor will also consider recommending them to perform weight loss metabolic surgery.

“目前，減重代謝手術(shù)都是全微創(chuàng)手術(shù)，病人的痛苦小，手術(shù)風(fēng)險也小。從長遠來看，盡管術(shù)后患者的體重會有一定程度的反彈，但只要保持科學(xué)合理的飲食和生活習(xí)慣，這種反彈它就是有限的，同時也會極大地延長患者的健康壽命。” 童衛(wèi)東說。

"At present, weight loss and metabolic surgery are all minimally invasive surgery, the patient’s pain is small, and the surgical risk is also small. In the long run, although the weight of the patient will rebound to a certain extent after the operation, as long as the diet and scientifically reasonable Living habits, this kind of rebound is limited, and it will also greatly extend the healthy lifespan of patients." Tong Weidong said.

 

From website: http://www.xinhuanet.com/v