新冠病毒最初是導致汽車銷量下滑的直接原因，降幅高達50%，畢竟在疫情請假大多數(shù)人都減少了外出出行，對經(jīng)濟的信心也很低，汽車公司的反應(yīng)是縮減生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，減少零部件訂單

The new crown virus was the direct cause of the decline in car sales at first, and the decline was as high as 50%. After all, most people who took leave during the epidemic reduced their travel and their confidence in the economy was also very low. The response of auto companies was to reduce production scale and reduce parts and components Order.

而這其中包括大量的電腦芯片，因為現(xiàn)代汽車上散落著數(shù)百個電腦芯片，用于控制從剎車到轉(zhuǎn)向和引擎管理的一切。根據(jù)英國研究公司IHS Markit的數(shù)據(jù)，其結(jié)果是，2021年第一季度的汽車產(chǎn)量將比往常減少67.2萬輛。

And this includes a large number of computer chips, because hundreds of computer chips are scattered on modern cars, which are used to control everything from braking to steering and engine management. According to data from the British research company IHS Markit, as a result, vehicle production in the first quarter of 2021 will be 672,000 less than usual.

與此同時，人們爭相購買筆記本電腦和智能手機等家庭辦公用品，在家辦公成為了2020年的關(guān)鍵詞。除此之外，人們對游戲機也有過類似的搶購，至少在家的無聊時間能有點東西打發(fā)一下時間。

At the same time, people are rushing to buy home office supplies such as laptops and smart phones. Working at home has become a key word in 2020. In addition, people have similarly snapped up game consoles, at least there is something to pass the time in the boring time at home.

于是，為制造商提供芯片的大型工廠從生產(chǎn)汽車零部件轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)智能手機、筆記本電腦和平板電腦芯片。事實上，就總銷量而言，產(chǎn)量比以往任何時候都要強勁，而問題在于供需。半導體工業(yè)協(xié)會(SIA)表示，2021年1月芯片銷售額達到400億美元，比去年同期增長13.2%。

As a result, large factories that provide chips for manufacturers shifted from producing auto parts to producing chips for smartphones, laptops, and tablets. In fact, in terms of total sales, production is stronger than ever, and the problem lies in supply and demand. According to the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), chip sales reached US$40 billion in January 2021, an increase of 13.2% over the same period last year.

現(xiàn)在，汽車銷量再次回升，結(jié)果怎樣大家也看到了。幾個行業(yè)的公司都在努力爭取在工廠訂單簿上名列前茅。

Now, car sales are picking up again, and everyone has seen the result. Companies in several industries are striving to be among the best in the factory order book.

Which manufacturers are affected?

目前看來，福特(Ford)、豐田(Toyota)和大眾(Volkswagen)等汽車制造商近幾個月都部分關(guān)閉了工廠，因為它們無法獲得生產(chǎn)汽車所需的芯片。

It now appears that automakers such as Ford, Toyota and Volkswagen have partially closed their factories in recent months because they cannot obtain the chips needed to produce cars.

索尼(Sony)未能像其希望的那樣生產(chǎn)那么多PS5游戲機，而微軟(Microsoft)正在削減Xbox Series X的產(chǎn)量，三星(Samsung)也在考慮推遲推出Galaxy Note手機。

Sony has failed to produce as many PS5 game consoles as it hoped, while Microsoft is cutting production of Xbox Series X, and Samsung is also considering delaying the launch of Galaxy Note phones.

 How long will it last?

一些分析師認為，制造業(yè)要回到正軌最多需要一年的時間，各家公司的庫存水平要回到正常水平還需要六個月的時間。美國芯片制造商博通(Broadcom)表示，其2021年產(chǎn)量的90%已經(jīng)被預(yù)定。

Some analysts believe that it will take up to a year for the manufacturing industry to get back on track, and it will take up to six months for each company's inventory levels to return to normal levels. US chip maker Broadcom (Broadcom) said that 90% of its 2021 output has already been scheduled.

其他數(shù)據(jù)顯示，芯片行業(yè)近年來一直在接近其全部產(chǎn)能，所以在某種程度上這是可以預(yù)期的，沒有足夠的緩沖來處理需求的波動。事實上，“芯片饑荒”以前發(fā)生過好幾次，通常是由于災(zāi)難，但有時是由于新技術(shù)需要更新工廠。

Other data show that the chip industry has been approaching its full capacity in recent years, so to some extent this can be expected, and there is not enough buffer to deal with fluctuations in demand. In fact, the "chip famine" has occurred several times before, usually due to disasters, but sometimes due to the need to update factories with new technologies.

無論如何，工廠現(xiàn)在都在提高產(chǎn)能，但這需要一段時間才能產(chǎn)生很大效果。制造一個芯片需要26周的時間，而制造某些產(chǎn)品需要超過1000個步驟。

In any case, the factory is now increasing its production capacity, but it will take some time to produce great results. It takes 26 weeks to manufacture a chip, and some products require more than 1,000 steps.

 

From website: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/