嬰幼兒小，所以現(xiàn)在運用的研究方法主要是行為觀察，眼動，腦電，fNIR，還有磁共振來反映。而研究設(shè)計嘛，比如 嬰幼兒分類：像oddball paradigm，preferential looking：給小嬰兒們看一堆貓貓狗狗的圖片，然后出來一張椅子的圖片，他們能盯上好久（novelty preference）。不過物極必反，要是給的圖片里有車，有房，有票子，有家具，然后還有貓貓狗狗，他們會選擇看貓貓狗狗時間更長的（familiarity preference），畢竟他們還小，任務(wù)太難了小腦袋就過載了，寶寶嚴(yán)肅臉“我選擇放棄”。

Infants and young children are small, so the research methods currently used are mainly behavioral observation, eye movement, brain electricity, fNIR, and magnetic resonance to reflect. And research design, such as infant classification: like oddball paradigm, preferential looking: show a bunch of pictures of cats and dogs to the little babies, and then come out a picture of a chair, they can stare at it for a long time (novelty preference). But things must be the opposite. If there are cars, houses, tickets, furniture, and cats and dogs in the pictures, they will choose to watch cats and dogs for a longer time (familiarity preference), after all, they are still young. The task is too difficult, and the little head is overloaded, and the baby has a serious face "I choose to give up".

現(xiàn)在回到問題上去，從娘胎剛出來的新生兒就已經(jīng)能夠分辨幾個人的聲音了（前提是在娘胎里的時候跟他\她常常說話），若是給予其非人聲刺激，他們會有反應(yīng)，這反應(yīng)類似成人的“誒~~這玩意兒我之前不知道”，而這個反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生后續(xù)加工則是形成題主所說的邏輯思維的基礎(chǔ)能力之一。其實吧，還是胎兒的時候就已經(jīng)開始認(rèn)知外面的世界了。

Now back to the problem. Newborns who have just come out of the womb can already distinguish the voices of several people (provided that they often talk to him/her when they are in the womb). If they are given non-human stimuli, they will respond. This reaction is similar to the adult’s "Eh~~I didn’t know this stuff before", and the subsequent processing of this reaction is one of the basic abilities to form the logical thinking mentioned by the subject. Actually, when I was a fetus, I started to recognize the outside world.

說回來，排除法算不算問題里所說的邏輯思維？算的話，那么一歲多的孩子就有了。在他們面前擺上他們認(rèn)識的水果：蘋果，香蕉，再擺上一個他們不認(rèn)識的 佛手。 你看著這三水果說，“喲，佛手！”寶寶們立馬就能知道 那個一綹一綹的奇怪東西叫“佛手”了。

By the way, does the method of elimination count as the logical thinking mentioned in the question? Forget it, then there will be children over one year old. In front of them put the fruits they knew: apples, bananas, and then put a bergamot that they didn't know. You look at the three fruits and say, "Oh, bergamot!" Babies can immediately know that the bunch of strange things are called "bergamot".

 

From website: https://www.zhihu.com